<p>The Whittaker Chambers Farm, also known as the Pipe Creek Farm, is a historic cluster of farm properties near Westminster in rural Carroll County, Maryland. The farm&#39;s historic significance comes from its ownership by Whittaker Chambers , a pivotal figure in American Cold War politics. In December 1948, Chambers hid the "Pumpkin Papers"  while awaiting a subpoena from the House Un-American Activities Committee to relinquish any intelligence stolen from the US Government by members of the Soviet spy rings within the federal government . Chambers also wrote his best-selling 1952 memoir Witness there. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1988, in a somewhat controversial decision. The property remains in the Chambers family and is not accessible to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Whittaker Chambers Farm is located a few miles north of Westminster and is roughly bounded by East Saw Mill Road to the southwest and Pipe Creek to the northeast. The farm comprises three contiguous areas, separately purchased, totaling about 390 acre. The land is a mix of open farm fields and woods. Whittaker Chambers ran this "dirt farm" as a dairy farm.</p><br>
<p>The first tract of land, a 40 acre parcel, purchased by Chambers in 1941, formed the original core of the farm. Chambers lived there from 1941. After a fire in 1957, he sold it to an architect, who built the present house in 1960. Since then, the family has reacquired the property. The original barn burned in 2007; other outbuildings from Chambers ownership remain. The patch with volunteer pumpkins that hid the "Pumpkin Papers" is no longer a strawberry patch. A fire destroyed the barn and damaged a shed that stood on the property in Chambers time.</p><br>
<p>The second tract, the Pipe Creek Farm, comprises about 230 acre. It was purchased in 1946 by Chambers and remains in the family. The mid-19th century house on this property was Chambers&#39; residence from 1957 to his death in 1961. It includes a pond and several outbuildings</p><br>
<p>A third tract of 120 acre, purchased by Chambers in 1947, connects the first two parcels. The house, known as "Medfield", was built in the 19th century and was used by Chambers as a writing retreat. Chambers added a connection between the main house and an adjoining summer house in the 1950s. This property also remains in the Chambers family. On January 6, 2010, the Medfield farmhouse burned as a result of an electrical fire.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>Whittaker Chambers had joined the Communist Party in 1925 and engaged in spying for the Soviet Union in 1932. By 1937, he was becoming disenchanted and left the party by 1938. Under subpoena on August 3, 1948, he testified about the existence of a "Ware Group" spy ring; it included Alger Hiss, an official in the State Department during the 1930s. Hiss was convicted of perjury in two sensational trials, major event of the early Cold War. In December 1948, Chambers hid and then retrieved microfilm from a hollowed-out pumpkin on his farm, which he turned over to investigators and which led directly to the indictment of Hiss. The case made Richard Nixon, then a little-known Congressman from California, famous.</p><br>
<p>The farm was also a key in the relationship between Chambers and Hiss. Chambers reported that he first saw a nearby property (the "Shaw Place") in company with Hiss, who had originally contracted to buy it. In 1937, Chambers purchased the Shaw Place. He then began to buy what became the Pipe Creek Farm as his retreat from Communism, remote from possible Soviet retaliation. He moved his family in 1941.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark designation</h2><br>
<p>The decision in 1988 to designate the Chambers Farm a National Historic Landmark was unusual at the time for two reasons. First, it did not pass the usual requirement of 50 years&#39; age for a historic event. Second, the National Park Service Advisory Board recommended against its designation. In May 1988, Interior Secretary Donald P. Hodel granted national landmark status to the Pipe Creek Farm.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, a book on the Cold War questioned the propriety of the farm as landmark, particularly because it is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>A member of the Chambers family provided details that did not appear in the book, namely, that the farm was not a museum but a working farm and, as such, not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>A twice-proposed Union Mills reservoir, if built, would flood portions of the Chambers property.</p><br>
<p>The project is opposed by Whittaker Chambers&#39; son, who has bought back the farmstead of the Pipe Creek Farm to reform the full farm.</p><br>
<p>He told the Baltimore Sun: "This is where my parents died... My end-of-life goal has been to reassemble it and make it available to the next generation as a farm."</p><br>
<p>The Hopkinsville Commercial Historic District of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The site was first inhabited by the Wood family of Jonesborough, Tennessee. They donated five of their 1,200 acre for the creation of a county seat, and in 1799 the site was platted and dubbed Christian Court House. Later in 1799 it was dubbed Elizabeth in honor of the Woods&#39; eldest daughter, but due to the existence of Elizabethtown in Hardin County, in April 1804 the town was named in honor of General Samuel Hopkins.</p><br>
<p>Places in the district that are separately on the National Register include the Confederate Memorial Fountain in Hopkinsville and the Hopkinsville L & N Railroad Depot. The fountain is now located by the Christian County Courthouse. The Depot brought many passengers to spend time in Hopkinsville, as it was the one place along the railroad between Evansville, Indiana and Nashville, Tennessee where one could consume alcoholic drinks.</p><br>
<p>Other prominent buildings located in the district are the Pennyroyal Area Museum, the First Presbyterian Church, and the Old Fire House and Clock Tower. The Pennyroyal Area Museum, open since July 8, 1976, is in the historic old Hopkinsville post office, and is funded by the local government. The First Presbyterian Church was used as a hospital for General Nathan Bedford Forrest&#39;s men during the winter of 1861–1862; they were hospitalized due to a flu epidemic. The Old Fire House is currently the headquarters of the Christian County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Image:Hopkinsville Museum.JPGPennyroyal Area Museum</p><br>
<p>Image:Christian County Historical Society.JPGOld Firehouse/Christian County Historical Society</p><br>
<p>Image:Hopkinsville First Presbyterian.JPGFirst Presbyterian Church</p><br>
<p>Church of Christ, Swansea  is a historic church along United States Route 6 in Swansea, Massachusetts. The current Greek Revival church building was built in 1833 for a congregation with a recorded history of meetings dating to 1680. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The congregation is affiliated with the United Church of Christ; its current pastor is Rev. Holly Norwick.</p><br>
<p>The church is well known for its ecclesiastical independence, never having had a legal connection with the town and therefore never supported by taxation.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Church of Christ, Swansea, is located at the northeast corner of GAR Highway and Maple Avenue in central Swansea. It is a -story wood-frame structure, oriented to face south, with a gable roof and a three-stage tower. The main facade is divided into five bays by six pilasters, with a double-door entrance at the center under a rounded arch. Flanking windows on the first floor are topped by lancet-arch fans, a detail repeated at the center of the fully pedimented gable end above, and above the windows on the side walls. The tower&#39;s first stage is plain, with a railing and corner pinnacles surrounding the smaller belfry stage above. The railing and pinnacles are repeated at the top of the belfry, which is topped by an octagonal cupola with louvered lancet openings. The original main block is extended to the rear, with a modern addition extending eastward from those additions.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1830–33 for a congregation that is one of the oldest in New England, and is distinctive for its lack of municipal support in the colonial years when there was no separation of church and state. The congregation&#39;s earliest documented services were held in 1680, although it was not formally organized until 1693; its first meetinghouse was built in 1720.</p><br>
<p>The Hornbine Baptist Church is an historic colonial church at 141 Hornbine Road in Rehoboth, Massachusetts. This modest vernacular structure was built in 1753, and is the oldest Baptist meeting house in southeastern Massachusetts. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof and clapboard siding, set at the northeast corner of Hornbine and Baker Streets, opposite the Hornbine School. A hip-roofed enclosed vestibule extends across the west-facing front facade, with a pair of entrances flanking a single sash window. A "social hall" addition extends northward from the northwestern corner of the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When built in 1753, the interior had a single large open space, with the pulpit on the north wall. In 1802 galleries were added to either end, and pews were installed. The pulpit was also enlarged at this time, with stairs on either side. At a later date the space was again rearranged, and the pulpit, now reduced in size, is in the southeast corner. The current entrance was added in 1869, as was the social hall (extended to its present size just a few years later). The chandelier and four bracket lamps were added at this time, and were electrified in the 20th century. The 1870s also saw the construction of horse sheds, which were removed in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>By 1995, the Baptist congregation was struggling with a dwindling membership and held services twice a month.</p><br>
<h2>Holy Cross Catholic Church</h2><br>
<p>Sometime between 2009 and 2015, the church at 141 Hornbine Road has become the home of the Holy Cross Catholic Church. This church is part of the independent federation of Old Catholic Churches, which split from Roman Catholicism.</p><br>
<p>North Christian Congregational Church is a historic church located at 3538 North. Main Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. The church was built circa 1842 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The church is a rare survivor, as most of the other first period churches in the city were located downtown and have not survived. It is one of the few remaining public buildings left in the Steep Brook area of Fall River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1835 Capt. John Read and C. C. Dillingham of the First Congregational Church organized a Sunday School and meetings were held in the school house until Caroline Boomer donated the land and the church was built in 1842. North Christian Church was founded as the First Protestant Church in the rural Steep Brook section of Fall River. In 1933 it merged with the Congregational Churches, and in 1960 it merged with the United Church of Christ. The church was completely renovated in 1974.</p><br>
<p>More recently, the building exterior has been covered with vinyl siding, and many of the historic Greek Revival details have been removed, including the original windows The church is now used by the Fall River Portuguese Seventh-day Adventist Church.</p><br>
<p>The North Attleborough Town Center Historic District encompasses the most historic elements of the central business district of North Attleborough, Massachusetts. The area was developed between about 1860 and 1830 as a center serving the community and the surrounding jewelry manufacturing businesses for which the town was well known. The district, extending along Washington Street between Fisher Street and Bruce Avenue, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>North Attleborough was settled in the 17th century, and was first incorporated as part of Attleboro in 1694. It was separated from Attleboro in 1887, at a time when it was already widely known as a center of the jewelry trade. That business, begun in the 1800, was mostly found in areas surrounding the town&#39;s central business district, along the Ten Mile River and its tributaries.</p><br>
<p>Attleboros first town center, now known as Old Town, was located a few miles south of North Attleboroughs town center. The development of industry led the present town center to take shape in the mid-19th century. A few surviving residences in the area (the oldest dating to c. 1780) are a reminder of the area&#39;s agrarian past. The area had a number of commercial buildings by the 1860s (some of which still stand), and growth was spurred by the arrival of a railroad branch in 1870. After separation from Attleboro in 1887, the new town built its library in 1894-95; it is a picturesque blend of architectural styles designed by Boston architect William Herbert McLean.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is essentially linear in character, extend along North and South Washington Streets, between Fisher Street in the north and Bruce Avenue in the south. The central blocks are characterized by predominantly brick commercial buildings, one to four stories in height, most built between 1890 and 1930. The district also includes one church, the Grace Episcopal Church; it is a 1930 Gothic Revival stone building, constructed after the previous church was destroyed by fire. Its most prominent residence is found at the northernmost boundary; known as the Loeb Estate, it is a Tudor Revival mansion built by and for James Munroe, a local builder responsible for construction of a number of the district&#39;s commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>North Burial Ground is a historic cemetery located on North Main Street between Brightman and Cory Streets in Fall River, Massachusetts, United States. The cemetery was established in 1810 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is the oldest city-owned cemetery in Fall River.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery features a fieldstone gatehouse, built about 1890 and an Egyptian Revival receiving tomb built in 1849 from local Fall River granite. After Oak Grove Cemetery opened in 1855, the remains of many were transferred there from North Burial Ground, as it was considered to be the more fashionable resting place.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Orin Fowler (1791–1852), US Representative.</p><br>
<p>James H. "Jim" Manning (1862–1929), MLB player and manager</p><br>
<p>North Taunton Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at 1940 Bay Street in Taunton, Massachusetts. The small Federal era church was constructed in 1837, in what was a still very rural part of Taunton containing mostly farmland.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The North Taunton Baptist Church is located on the southwest side of Bay Street, a major north–south road (dating to colonial times) that connects Taunton to points north. It is set between junctions with Crane Avenue North and Field Street. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof and clapboard siding. A two-stage square tower projects slightly from the front facade, rising through a tall first section to a cornice, above which is a belfry section with louvered Gothic-arched openings. An octagonal steeple topped by a weathervane completes the tower. The main entrance is set in a gabled-roofed vestibule projecting from the tower. Windows on the front and the sides are paired, with a tripartite Gothic-arched panel above each pair.</p><br>
<p>The Baptist congregation in Taunton developed as early as 1747, as an informal gathering aligned with the Baptists in nearby Rehoboth. The group later held services in the North Taunton home of Jeremiah Bassett. In 1769, the congregation was formally organized. The church later moved to Weir Village, using a warehouse there for services until the North Taunton church was built in 1837.</p><br>
<p>In 1819, a group split off to form the Winthrop Street Baptist Church near Taunton center. Then, in 1822, another split occurred within the church between the Calvinists, who founded their own church in Norton, and the Free Will Baptists, who settled in North Taunton. Thus, the North Taunton Baptist Church is often considered the "mother church" of Baptists in the Taunton area.</p><br>
<p>Oak Grove Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 765 Prospect Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was established in 1855 and greatly improved upon in the years that followed. It features Gothic Revival elements, including an elaborate entrance arch constructed of locally quarried Fall River granite. The cemetery originally contained 47 acres, but has since been expanded to over 120 acres. The cemetery is the city&#39;s most significant, built in the planned rural-garden style of Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designed and laid out by local architect Josiah Brown, who is also known for his designs of early mills including the Union, Border City, and others.</p><br>
<p>Oak Grove Cemetery is the final resting place of many of the citys elite, including prominent mill owners and merchants. It also contains the citys Civil War Monument, donated by Richard Borden.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is still owned and operated by the City of Fall River.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Almy (1819–1882), co-founder of The Herald News.</p><br>
<p>Abby Durfee Borden (1828–1892), second wife of Andrew Jackson Borden and murder victim.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Jackson Borden (1822–1892), businessman and murder victim.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Briggs Borden (1801–1865), Mayor of Fall River (1856–1857), US Congressman, and founder of Pocasset Mill.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Richard Borden (1795–1874), industrial pioneer, businessman.</p><br>
<p>Lizzie Borden (1860–1927), alleged (acquitted) murderer.</p><br>
<p>Emma Borden (1851–1927), sister of Lizzie Borden, daughter of Andrew and Sarah Borden.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Morse Borden (1823–1863), first wife of Andrew Jackson Borden and mother of Lizzie Borden and Emma Borden.</p><br>
<p>Spencer Borden (1872–1952), manufacturer, delegate to 1924 Republication National Convention, served as director on boards of a number of local concerns.</p><br>
<p>Charlie Buffinton (1861–1907), Major League Baseball player.</p><br>
<p>James Buffington (1817–1875), the first mayor of Fall River.</p><br>
<p>Earle Perry Charlton (1863–1930), founder of E. P. Charlton & Co. 5 & 10 stores chain. Through mergers, he became a co-founder of the F. W. Woolworth Company.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Cook, a District Court judge.</p><br>
<p>Sarah M. Cornell (1803–1832), found murdered on the John Durfee Farm in nearby Tiverton, Newport County, RI. She was originally buried there and moved to Oak Grove.</p><br>
<p>Robert T. Davis (1823–1906), mayor of Fall River and United States Representative from Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>Bradford Matthew Chaloner Durfee (1843–1872), born into a wealthy and influential Fall River family, he was a philanthropist who died in his prime. As a memorial, his mother had the local school board erect the B. M. C Durfee High School.</p><br>
<p>Nathan Durfee (1799–1876), early industrialist and deacon of Central Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>William Thomas Grant (1876–1972), founder of W. T. Grant Department Store chain and philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>William S. Greene (1841–1924), United States Representative from Massachusetts, also mayor of Fall River.</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Hargraves (1809–1874), an immigrant from England who, in 1851, founded Hargraves Manufacturing Company, a soap and glue substitute manufacturing operation.</p><br>
<p>Reuben Hargraves (1834–1905) and Thomas Hargraves (1836–1904), sons of Cornelius Hargraves are buried in the Hargraves Mausoluem.</p><br>
<p>Mary Evelyn Hitchcock (1849–1920), author and explorer</p><br>
<p>James Holehouse (1839–1915), received the Medal of Honor for bravery at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 3, 1863. He was a private in Company B, 7th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.</p><br>
<p>Grace Hartley Howe (1874–1955), wife of Louie Howe and delegate to the 1936 Democratic National Convention.</p><br>
<p>Louis McHenry ("Louie") Howe (1871–1936), political strategist who masterminded Franklin D. Roosevelt&#39;s 1932 presidential election. He was the only close friend both FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt shared in common.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Jackson Jennings (1849–1923), noted local attorney, now best remembered for successfully defending Lizzie Borden.</p><br>
<p>Lewis Howard Latimer (1848–1928), African-American inventor and engineer who collaborated with Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison.</p><br>
<p>John O. Milne, co-founder of The Herald News.</p><br>
<p>Lt. Joseph S. Milne (1842–1863), mortally wounded at Pickett&#39;s Charge, Battle of Gettysburg; died July 8, 1863, temporarily attached to Battery B 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery.</p><br>
<p>James Madison Morton (1837–1923), an Associate Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>James Madison Morton, Jr. (1869–1940), a Federal judge.</p><br>
<p>Maude Frances Darling Parlin (1885–1979), pioneer female architect and 1907 M.I.T. graduate who designed many Fall River buildings and homes.</p><br>
<p>Cornelia Otis Skinner (1899–1979), actress, biographer, dramatist, essayists, novels, and screenwriter.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>Eliza Bryant Village, formerly named the Cleveland Home For Aged Colored People, is located at 7201 Wade Park Ave. in Cleveland Ohio.</p><br>
<p>It was once located at 4807 Cedar Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio, an historic building built in the early 1900s as a residential facility for older black people.</p><br>
<p>The home was founded by Eliza Bryant, a woman who was active in welcoming African Americans migrating to Cleveland from southern states. In her work, she learned that older African Americans were often left alone as a result of slavery. With the help of Edith Jackson, Sarah Green, and Lethia Cousins Fleming, she began in 1893 to establish a home for older African Americans. A donation from Laura Spelman Rockefeller helped to fund the purchase of the first open, which opened on August 11, 1897. The Cedar Avenue building operated as a 19-bed facility from 1914 through 1967, when the board made the decision to move to a larger 47-bed facility at 1380 Addison Road. The home had been renamed in 1960 to the Eliza Bryant Home for the Aged in recognition of its founder. The Addison Road facility was becoming increasingly expensive to maintain, so the board made the decision to rebuild in the inner city. In 1985, the new Eliza Bryant Center was opened.</p><br>
<p>The historic building on Cedar Avenue is now owned and operated by Fresh Start, Inc., as Fresh Start Halfway House for men who are recovering from substance abuse. It also provides a 12-week after-care program.</p><br>
<p>On December 17, 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>Shawmut Diner is an historic diner formerly located at 943 Shawmut Avenue in New Bedford, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The diner was built in 1953. In 1983 the Paleologos family bought and updated the diner. The diner was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, and was delisted in 2023. It has been featured on the Food Channel.</p><br>
<p>The Shawmut Diner closed for business on March 31, 2014. It was moved to the Bristol County House of Corrections in nearby Dartmouth, Massachusetts in May 2014. It has been replaced by a Cumberland Farms.</p><br>
<p>Smuggler&#39;s House is a historic house in Swansea, Massachusetts. It is a -story Cape style farmhouse, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, a chimney that is slightly off-center, and a pair of gabled dormers. Its main entry is flanked by pilasters and topped by a five-light transom window. The house was built c. 1800, and is substantially unaltered. It was supposedly used as a place to store smuggled goods during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Santo Christo Church is an historic church located at 240 Columbia Street in Fall River, Massachusetts, dedicated to the Lord Holy Christ of the Miracles. The parish was formally established in 1889 to serve in the local Portuguese community, after two decades of itinerant services by priests from New Bedford.</p><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival-style church building was built in 1924–27 to a design by the architectural firm of Murphy & Hindle. It is stylistically subdued, but has fine stained glass windows, a tile roof with copper coping, and cast stone pinnacles.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. A building restoration project began in late 2013. As of July 2018 the pastor is the Very Rev. Jeffrey Cabral, J.C.L., who is also the Judicial Vicar for the Diocese of Fall River.</p><br>
<p>Masses are celebrated in English Sunday&#39;s at 10:00am and Portuguese Saturday at 4pm and Sunday 8am and 12pm (Summer hours: 8am and 11am).</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Orphanage is an historic former orphanage and school located at 56 St. Joseph Street in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The orphanage was built in 1892 as part of the parish of Notre Dame de Lourdes, a large French-Canadian congregation located in the citys Flint Village neighborhood. Two large wings were added about 1917. The building later housed an elementary school, known as Mount Saint Joseph. Between 1982 and 1986, the schools chapel was used as a temporary place of worship by Notre Dame after its magnificent 1895 church was destroyed by a massive fire on May 11, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the building was converted into residential apartments, with a large addition to the north side. A statue of Saint Joseph was removed from the alcove atop the front of the building and placed on the nearby grounds of Notre Dame Church.</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Episcopal Church is an historic church at 115 High Street in Taunton, Massachusetts, United States. Its present building, an 1857 Gothic Revival structure designed by Richard Upjohn, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current church building was constructed in 1858 although the congregation dates back to 1728. Unlike most colonial parishes that were formed by the Society for the Gospel in Foreign Parts, Saint Thomas in Taunton was founded through the efforts of lay people living in the community. On November 30, 1728 a plot of ground was deeded for the erection of a church near the Three Mile River on what is now Tremont Street. The earliest mention of a building is contained in a letter to the Society for the Gospel in Foreign Parts, dated July 31, 1763 requesting the aid of the society in obtaining the services of a clergyman and in which it stated that for thirty years the people had a church for public worship. But the history of the parish goes back to an earlier date and to a layman, Thomas Coram, an English sea captain who erected a shipyard in 1698 on the Taunton River in what is now Dighton. The Puritans, strongly opposed to the Church of England, thwarted Coram, a loyal churchman, in his efforts to establish a parish in Taunton. Before returning to England, in a deed dated December 8, 1703, Coram left in trust with the Vestry of King&#39;s Chapel, Boston, fifty-nine acres of land that he owned with the stipulation, "that if ever hereafter the inhabitants of the town of Taunton should be more civilized than they now are, and if they should incline to have a Church of England built amongst them, or in their town, then upon application of the inhabitants of said town, that is to say, forty ratable men of them, upon their application, or petition to the said vestry, or their successors, for any suitable part of said land, to build a Church of England, or a school house for the use and service of said church."</p><br>
<p>Although the struggling church was unable to profit from Corams bequest, the authorities of Kings Chapel having sold the property in 1754 and the proceeds diverted to their own use, he presented the church with a sizable library, as well as using his influence with the Speaker of the House of Commons who gave a large Prayer Book, still prized by members of the parish. Although it is not documented in writing, it is generally assumed that the parish was given the name of Saint Thomas to honor Thomas Coram, who, in turn, bore the name of the Apostle. Thomas Cobb and Thomas Baylies headed the list of twenty-six lay persons who subscribed 528 pounds and 10 shillings for the purchase of a Glebe on March 19, 1743 "for ye sole use, benefit and profit of ye Rector of ye Church of Saint Thomas standing near Three Mile River in Taunton." A house was standing upon the Glebe and when enlarged called Coram Hall.</p><br>
<p>When efforts proved unsuccessful in obtaining the services of a clergyman, the lay people took matters into their own hands, pledged themselves to pay a salary of twenty pounds and elected John Lyon whom they sent to England to be ordained. The Rev. John Lyon, the first resident minister, began his work early in 1765, for his first baptism is recorded on February 6, 1765. In October 1766 he baptized Cloa and London, son and daughter of Cambridge and Peg, two bondservants; Peter Walker, Hellen, his wife, and Abigail Andrews being sponsors. The carefully kept records of this young man are part of the parish archives.</p><br>
<p>During the revolution, Saint Thomas, like most Episcopal Churches, fell upon hard times. The church was probably closed for a number of years as were many others in the area. The parish was not served again by a resident minister until the Rev. William W. Wheeler began his work in 1786 and continued until 1798 when he was asked to leave due to his political opinions. At a meeting on August 6, 1798 the parish voted among other things, that the church wardens should notify Mr. Wheeler that the said Society would have no further service for him as minister of said Society; that the church wardens should go and demand the Library (Coram) and the records belonging to the church; that the church wardens should demand possession of the Glebe and make a settlement with Mr. Wheeler.</p><br>
<p>Following this unfortunate incident, the parish suffered further loss when the church blew down in the gale of 1815. During this period of time occasional services were held by supply clergy from Rhode Island, but Annual Meetings were held regularly, the records of which are still in the possession of the church.</p><br>
<p>It was not until 1824 that we have evidence of new life stirring when on June 27 a meeting was called with Ichabod Leonard as moderator and William A. Crocker as clerk in which it was voted that a committee be appointed "to enquire whether it be expedient to undertake the erection of a Church in Taunton for the use of the Episcopal Church and Society. and to ascertain and report the number and names of those who are disposed to unite with the Society". The successful work and report of this committee consisted of Galen Hicks, Honorable Francis Baylies, Honorable James L. Hodges, John West, Esquire, David G.W. Cobb, Esquire and William A. Crocker and led eventually to the selling of the Glebe (August 6, 1828), purchasing a lot on High Street on which was built a new church costing $7,500 and calling the Rev. John West, the son of a prominent citizen, as rector. Bishop Griswold consecrated the church on June 19, 1829.</p><br>
<p>The church, now located nearer to the center of town, grew rapidly, leading to the enlargement of the building and adding twenty pews by December, 1840 so that the vestry was able to report to the parish at the Annual Meeting in April, 1841, "our church has become fully established, that it has surmounted most of the obstacles which have heretofore checked its progress, that the prejudices so generously existing against it in this section are rapidly passing away, and that no contingency can happen with a continuance of God&#39;s blessing to inflict upon her any permanent or serious injury."</p><br>
<p>God did indeed continue to bless the parish for it had among its members from this time forward some of the leading citizens of the city who gave generously of their time and resources for the work of the church. To their number was added each year an increasing membership.</p><br>
<p>The middle of the 19th century was an era of great church expansion and building throughout New England; Taunton was no exception. The second church was moved across the street and the present stone structure was consecrated by Bishop Manton Eastburn on March 3, 1859, the cornerstone having been laid on June 15, 1857.</p><br>
<p>St. Anne Shrine is a historic local landmark located at the intersection of South Main and Middle streets in Fall River, Massachusetts. Until 2018, it was a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fall River. In addition to the church, the complex also includes the former Dominican Order monastery as well as the former Dominican Academy, constructed in 1894. The great upper church was formally dedicated on July 4, 1906 and closed November 25, 2018. The Lower Crypt Church shrine was re-opened July 4, 2019, but the upper part of the church remains closed for restoration and renovation.</p><br>
<p>The church was designed by Canadian architect Napoléon Bourassa in the Romanesque Revival style. Construction began in 1891, and was supervised by Fall River architect Louis G. Destremps. Work began on the upper church on July 17, 1902. The building, which is constructed of blue marble from Proctor, Vermont, measures 277 feet long by 122 wide, with steeples 160 feet high.</p><br>
<p>The exterior was completed in June 1904 and the new church was formally dedicated on July 4, 1906.</p><br>
<p>The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Dominican Order influence</h2><br>
<p>The parish and shrine were under the direction of the Dominican Order from 1891 until 1978 when it reverted to the Diocese of Fall River. The Dominican fathers and brothers promoted the shrine as a place of pilgrimage and prayer. Most notable was the Very Reverend Vincent Marchildon, O.P. who served as the first official director of the shrine. Father Marchildon spent 60 years of his priestly ministry at Saint Anne where he organized pilgrimages, novenas, and processions in honor of Good Saint Anne. Father Marchildon and two other Dominican founders are laid to rest in the lower church crypt.</p><br>
<h2>Healings</h2><br>
<p>Since the earliest days of the parish, Saint Anne has been associated with unexplained "miraculous" healings. Monsignor Adrien de Montaubricq, the first pastor of Saint Anne&#39;s parish was injured when staging collapsed during the blessing of the cornerstone of the "old" Hope Street Church. He promised that if he survived his injuries that he would dedicate the parish to the protection of Good Saint Anne. He survived and kept his end of the bargain and the parish was later dedicated to Saint Anne.</p><br>
<p>Since that time an annual Novena to Saint Anne was held to prepare the parish for her Feast Day on July 26.</p><br>
<p>When the "new" church was built and dedicated on South Main Street. The Dominican Friars envisioned that it would serve as a great shrine that would attract pilgrims from all over, much like the Shrine of Sainte Anne de Beaupre in Quebec, Canada. By the mid-1920s, the shrine began to flourish so that an official director was named to overtake its daily operation. Pilgrims began to flock to the shrine from all over the region to hear sermons from various priests, attend novena and healing services, and to venerate the first class relics of Saint Anne.</p><br>
<p>During these healing services, pilgrims would come with canes, crutches, wheelchairs, and other maladies seeking the intercession of Good Saint Anne. They would be prayed over by Father Marchildon and anointed with the oil of Saint Anne. He often would then instruct the "ill pilgrims" to offer a nine-day novena to Saint Anne every day at the same time and that, on the ninth day, their malady would be healed. Many of these individuals would return to the shrine as instructed this time "healed" and would leave their crutches, canes, and wheelchairs as a token of thanksgiving to Saint Anne. These crutches to this day are still on display at the shrine for pilgrims to bear witness to the healing power of Saint Anne.</p><br>
<p>While these "healings" where never officially investigated or approved by the Catholic Church. The Dominican Friars who ran the shrine for over 90 years felt it was extremely important to document such healings. These documents are now housed in the Archives of the Dominican Order in Montreal, Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Closure</h2><br>
<p>The main upper church was closed in May 2015 when a large piece of plaster fell off a wall during Mass. Subsequently, weekend Masses were held in the lower crypt church shrine. On October 15, 2018, Bishop Edgar da Cunha announced that St. Anne&#39;s would close as a parish church on the Feast of Christ the King, November 25, 2018.</p><br>
<h2>Re-opened shrine, and restoration of main church</h2><br>
<p>The Saint Anne&#39;s Shrine Preservation Society, a registered non-profit charitable organization, through negotiations with the Diocese of Fall River, signed a 10-year lease for the property on July 1, 2019. The Society is actively raising funds, independently of the Diocese, to stabilize the building, repair damage from years of neglect, and, over the course of the lease, restore the building as a shrine and location for devotions and study. The lower church shrine re-opened July 4, 2019, but the main church remains heavily damaged and closed during restoration efforts.</p><br>
<p>On July 26, 2019, hundreds of people attended the Feast of Saint Anne, celebrated by Bishop Edgar daCunha, ordinary of the diocese, in the church&#39;s lower shrine in its first Mass since the closure.</p><br>
<p>The lower shrine is the largest Catholic indoor votive candle shrine in Southern New England. There is the capacity to hold over 3,000 wax votive candles that are strategically placed around the various side chapels and oratories.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>A school opened in the 1880s, with the first classes in the church basement. Its enrollment was 1,559 when the church opened the new school building in 1925. By 2007 it was the largest Catholic elementary school in Fall River.</p><br>
<p>In 2001 there were 432 students. At one point in the 2000s the school put in a chapel on the first floor. The school spent $500,000 on windows installed in 2001. Renovations to the cafeteria and gymnasium and a new playground were put in place as part of 2005-2006 renovations.</p><br>
<p>The school closed at the conclusion of the 2006–2007 school year, with 206 students, including 22 students in the graduating class. Of the non-graduating students, about 20 were to transfer to Fall River&#39;s other Catholic schools.</p><br>
<p>The school building has since been demolished and a medical building has replaced it under Steward Health Care.</p><br>
<h2>Organs</h2><br>
<p>Casavant Organ, Opus 2793</p><br>
<p>The upper church is home to a three manual Casavant Freres organ &ndash; their Opus 2793 (1964). It has 3 manuals/pedal, 84 ranks, and 4,518 pipes ranging in length from 7 inches to over 32 feet. The organ was dedicated on October 12, 1964 by blind French organist and composer Jean Langlais. The instrument was featured in the 2005 convention of the Organ Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Aeolian-Skinner Organ Co., Opus 1133, 1947</p><br>
<p>The lower church is home to a small two manual Aeolian-Skinner Organ which has been out of use since early 2000&#39;s. It is possible the organ may one day be restored during restoration efforts.</p><br>
<p>Allen Organ Co. Protégé Series</p><br>
<p>The current instrument used for liturgies and celebrations in the Lower Church is an Allen Protégé digital organ. It&#39;s a two manual instrument that provides worthy sound quality to support worship in the Shrine.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Complex is a historic Roman Catholic Church complex at Broadway and Washington Street in Taunton, Massachusetts. The parish, the first in Taunton, was established in 1830, and the present church, its second was built in 1868, to a design by Patrick C. Keely. The complex, also including a rectory, convent, and school, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>St. Marys Church is located on a triangular parcel at the northern corner of Washington Street and Broadway, a short way north of Tauntons downtown area. It is a massive Gothic Revival structure executed in stone, with a square tower at the front. The tower and the building sides are buttressed, with quoined corners. The main sanctuary has a gable roof with a clerestory level. The church was designed by Patrick Keely and completed in 1868; it is the parish&#39;s third church building.</p><br>
<p>Across Washington Street to the east is the rectory, a Flemish Revival brick building constructed in 1903 on the site of the first church, which was sold and moved elsewhere in Taunton. On the west side of the intersection stand the other two buildings: the school, a three-story brick building in Collegiate Gothic style designed by Maginnis, Walsh and Sullivan and built in 1907, and the convent, a mansard-roofed three-story brick building added in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The parish was established in 1830 by Irish Catholics who had come to Taunton to work in its industries. After meeting in private homes, a wood-frame church was built where the present rectory stands in 1832. This church burned in 1856 and was promptly rebuilt. When the rectory was built, the old church was moved to East Taunton, and became known as St. Charles Hall. Taunton&#39;s other Catholic parishes are all derived from this mother congregation.</p><br>
<p>History of past Priests:</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Coyle (1896-1931)</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Dolan (1935-1969)</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Lyons (1969-1976)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Paul Connolly (1976-1999)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Francis Kowaski, C.S.C (1999-2004)</p><br>
<p>Reverend William Kelly, C.S.C (2004-2010)</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Doherty C.S.C (2010–present)</p><br>
<p>Spring Brook Cemetery is an historic cemetery on Spring Street in Mansfield, Massachusetts. It was established in 1860 as a private cemetery on a 4 acre parcel of land, and has grown over time to 22 acre, and is now the largest of Mansfield&#39;s cemeteries. The area appears to have been used as a cemetery before its formal establishment; there are a number of graves that predate 1850, the oldest of which is marked 1790. The most prominent structure in the cemetery is the Card Memorial Chapel, designed by Charles Eastman and built in 1898 with funding from Simon and Mary Card, in memory of their daughter Lulu.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>South Swansea Baptist Church  is a historic church building in Swansea, Massachusetts. Built in 1916, it is Swansea&#39;s best example of a Shingle-style church. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The South Swansea Baptist Church is set at the northwest corner of Church Street and Gardner&#39;s Neck Road in an otherwise residential area. It is a -story wood-frame structure, set on a raised rubblestone foundation with a gabled roof. A gabled section projects on the south side, and there is at the southeast corner a square tower with an open belvedere below a tent roof. The gables each have groups of lancet-point windows, with a small round window in the gable above. The exterior is clad in wooden shingles, and the overhanging eaves have exposed rafter ends.</p><br>
<p>The congregation of South Swansea began as a Sunday school operation in 1910, when the Gardner&#39;s Neck area was growing rapidly due to suburban residential development. It first met in private homes and other facilities. Religious services were organized in 1915, while land was sought for a church site. The church was completed in September 1916 on land purchased from Edwin Gardner; its architect is unknown. The property also includes a parish house, which dates to the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Union Congregational Church is an historic Congregational church at 265 West Brittania Street in Taunton, Massachusetts. The church was built in 1872-73 on land donated by the owner of the Whittenton Mills, and is a nearly unaltered example of Stick/Eastlake style architecture. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Union Congregation Church is set at the northeast corner of West Brittania Street and Rockland Street, north of Tauntons downtown area and just west of the Reed and Barton Complex. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gable roof oriented parallel to West Britannia Street. Its main entrance, sheltered by a hood with bracketed trusses, houses the historic portrait of Abington Gale Davisinci III and her dog Leopold. This was hung by the Churches first parishioner Figaroni. The glorious artwork set in the base of its tower, which projects forward in the center-left of the south-facing main facade. Windows in the main body are tall and narrow, sometimes grouped in twos and threes, with small leaded panes. The towers second stage has angled shingled sides with small square windows at their center, and a belfry above with Gothic-arched louvered openings. The steeple begins with helm cuts before rising in octagonal shape to its spire; it is also shingled.</p><br>
<p>The church was built for a congregation that first met at the Whittenton Mills (located to the north, further up the Mill River; it was built on land donated by the mill&#39;s owner, Charles Lovering. The church is a well-preserved example of the Stick style; its louvered tower has extensive woodwork detailing, and its main entrance has a gable top decorated with Stick woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The Baltimore and Ohio Ellicott City Station Museum in Ellicott City, Maryland, is the oldest remaining passenger railway station in the United States, and one of the oldest in the world. It was built in 1830 as the terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line from Baltimore to the town then called Ellicott&#39;s Mills, and a facility to service steam locomotives at the end of the 13-mile  run. The station, a National Historic Landmark, is now used as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The station was built in 1830 at the end of the Oliver Viaduct, of local stone (Ellicott City Granodiorite) provided by one of the quarries owned by the Ellicott family, which had founded the town and local flour mill in 1772. The two-story stone building is built against the viaduct. A gabled roof is topped by a wood ventilating cupola. The upper level of the station is at the level of the tracks on the viaduct.</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Viaduct was the second major stone bridge built by the railroad (after the Carrollton Viaduct). It was 123 ft long and comprised three 20 ft arches. The viaduct was damaged by Hurricane Agnes in 1972, and has since been reconstructed.</p><br>
<p>The station building was designed to allow engines to be pulled in on the upper level so that they could be worked on from below. A turntable with a diameter of 50 ft was fitted in 1863 to permit locomotives to be turned around. The turntable was filled in after the rail line was extended, but the granite foundations remain.</p><br>
<p>The railroad built an adjacent freight house, designed by E. Francis Baldwin, in 1885. The station is now used as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The railroads inaugural trip from Baltimore to Ellicotts Mills has held on May 22, 1830, with horse-drawn rail cars. Regular passenger service began on May 24.</p><br>
<p>The B&O demonstrated its first locomotive, the Tom Thumb, at Ellicott&#39;s Mills in a famous race against a horse later in 1830. The railroad began using locomotives for passenger trains in 1832.</p><br>
<p>The station is the terminus of the original B&O railroad, which was intended to re-establish Baltimore as a major terminus of inland commerce after the opening of the Erie Canal. It was also meant to help the city compete against regional rival Washington, D.C., where construction was starting on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.</p><br>
<p>From Ellicott&#39;s Mills the tracks reached Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, in 1834, Cumberland, Maryland (the eventual terminus of the C&O Canal) by 1842, and Wheeling, West Virginia, on the Ohio River in 1852.</p><br>
<p>B&O passenger service from Baltimore to its Ellicott City station was discontinued in 1949, although freight service continued until 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>Today, the Ellicott City Station is part of the Baltimore & Ohio Ellicott City Station Museum. The museum was operated by the B&O Railroad Museum with Howard County from 2006 to 2017. Since September 2017, the museum has been managed by Howard County&#39;s Department of Recreation & Parks. Admission is free, with fees for some special events and tours.</p><br>
<p>The B&O Ellicott City Station Museum includes:</p><br>
<p>the original 1831 freight station with car house, later converted to a passenger station and now outfitted with period waiting rooms, a ticket/telegraph office, and office and living quarters for the freight agent</p><br>
<p>a turntable, constructed in 1863 to turn engines so they could return to Baltimore</p><br>
<p>the replacement freight station, designed by Ephraim Francis Baldwin and built in 1885</p><br>
<p>a caboose dating from 1927.</p><br>
<p>An HO-gauge model train layout is housed in the 1885 freight house; the layout depicts "the original 13 miles of commercial rail track stretching from Baltimore to Ellicott Mills", and train videos are projected onto the wall behind. Other static displays include memorabilia explaining the role of the B&O Railroad and the station in the American Civil War. The car house also hosts a holiday train layout in December.</p><br>
<p>The Museum also offers living history interpretation, reenactments, guided group tours, visiting exhibits, educational programs and special events for school groups, families, and adults.</p><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Church is a historic church and congregation at 12 West Franklin Street in Mount Vernon, Baltimore, Maryland. Dedicated in 1818, it was the first building erected for Unitarians in the United States. The church is a domed cube with a stucco exterior. The church, originally called the "First Independent Church of Baltimore", is the oldest building continuously used by a Unitarian congregation. The name was changed in 1935 to "The First Unitarian Church of Baltimore " following the merger with the former Second Universalist Church at East Lanvale Street and Guilford Avenue in midtown Baltimore. The American Unitarian Association  and the Universalist Church of America</p><br>
<p>(established 1866) representing the two strains of Unitarian Universalism beliefs and philosophies merged as a national denomination named the Unitarian Universalist Association in May 1961.</p><br>
<p>The church building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1817 on a plot of land in Howards Woods purchased for $20,000. It was designed by J. Maximilian M. Godefroy, a French émigré who also designed the St. Marys Seminary Chapel on North Paca Street on the northwest edge of the City and the Battle Monument in the former Courthouse Square on North Calvert Street between East Lexington and Fayette Streets commemorating the Battle of Baltimore of September 1814 at North Point and the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812, and assisted the famed British-American architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe in designing the Merchants Exchange Building at South Gay Street, between Second (now Water) and East Lombard Streets, the then-largest building n America, an H-shaped, low domed on a drum Greco-Roman structure with a large rotunda beneath and a second-story interior catwalk balcony around the atrium. In its several wings were several Federal offices: the USA Courthouse, Post Office, Customs House, a branch of the Bank of the United States and early City Hall offices for Baltimore, and various offices for lawyers/attorneys, brokers, insurance agents, candlers, and shipping companies, steamship lines, and various other maritime businesses.</p><br>
<p>Poor acoustics under the central dome led to an 1893 interior renovation, in which architect Joseph Evans Sperry added a barrel vault under the dome. The church features stained glass from the studio of Louis Comfort Tiffany. The pipe organ was donated by Enoch Pratt and is an 1893 Niemann instrument.This organ was played in recital during the Organ Historical Society Convention in July 2024.</p><br>
<p>In the rear, on the north side along the West Hamilton Street alley is the Enoch Pratt Parish Hall, also housing church offices, constructed in 1879 of bricks salvaged from the townhouses torn down at West Mulberry at Cathedral Street for the first Central Building of parishioner Enoch Pratt&#39;s gift to the City of Baltimore, of a central library and four regional branches in 1882, constructed and opened 1886 (current building replaced it in 1931-33). The Parish Hall was renamed to commemorate his influence and guidance in the early years in 2008 and its interior is being restored to its Victorian appearance.</p><br>
<p>A relief in the building&#39;s pediment was executed by Antonio Cappellano, who had also executed the carvings on the Battle Monument. Deterioration caused it to be replaced with a replica in 1954.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant in the history of Unitarianism as the site of William Ellery Channing&#39;s Baltimore Sermon of May 5, 1819, which laid the foundation for the Unitarian denomination.</p><br>
<p>One block north of Benjamin Latrobes Baltimore Cathedral, (now the Basilica of the Assumption of Mary and the first cathedral constructed for Roman Catholics in America), The First Unitarian Church is located in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood north of downtown and was formerly part of "Howards Woods" on the estate north of old Baltimore Town of Col. John Eager Howard, commander of the "Maryland Line" regiment of the Continental Army in the American Revolution where the Washington Monument and its four square parks were laid out in 1821, two blocks north. His mansion "Belvidere" located at the current intersection of North Calvert and East Chase Streets which was torn down in 1874 as the street was extended further north towards the city limits at Boundary Avenue (todays North Avenue and the community developed during the 1830s 40s and 50&#39;s by the sons of the colonel. The First Unitarian Church is listed on the "National Register of Historic Places" on February 11, 1972 It is included in the "Cathedral Hill Historic District" and the newly designated "Baltimore National Heritage Area".</p><br>
<p>Forest Hill Park is an historic urban park that was a portion of John D. Rockefellers estate, located in East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights, Ohio. Two-thirds of the park lie in East Cleveland, and the remaining third is in Cleveland Heights. The 248 acre park has six baseball diamonds , six lit tennis courts and walking trails that have retained the natural green space as intended by John D. Rockefeller Jr., who deeded the park to the two cities in 1936. Albert Davis Taylor was the parks landscape architect. It is the largest single body of green space between two large metroparks on the far east and west sides of Cleveland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The park was bought by Rockefeller in 1873 as a summer estate, which was used by Rockefeller&#39;s family until 1915. A fire destroyed the estate house in 1917. In 1939 Rockefeller transferred 1/3 (one-third) of the property to Cleveland Heights and 2/3 (two-thirds) to East Cleveland.</p><br>
<p>On February 27, 1998, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The International Tailoring Company Building, also known as White Tower Building, is a historic building in Chicago that was listed on the National Register on April 18, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Designed by architects Mundie & Jensen and constructed in 1915–1916, with a substantial addition completed in 1922. In 1915–1916, when the International Tailoring Company built its ten-story building on Jackson Boulevard, it joined a handful of other businesses that since the 1890s had built and operated massive Chicago clothing factories. Established in 1896, the International Tailoring Company and its founder and president Jacob L. Reiss</p><br>
<p>(1874-1955) rode the wave of clothing factory production. Where sweatshops were portrayed as dirty, cramped, dark, and unsafe, the modern clothing factory exemplified by Mundie & Jensen&#39;s design for the International Tailoring Company plant was clean, spacious, brightly illuminated by natural light, and constructed with an eye to worker comfort and safety.</p><br>
<p>It has been used by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for exhibit space, and, as of 2005 was being converted to residential condos. It is located at 847 W. Jackson Boulevard, which is at the corner of Jackson and Peoria Street, on the historic USA Route 66.</p><br>
<p>The College of Medicine of Maryland, or also known since 1959 as Davidge Hall, is a historic domed structure in Baltimore, Maryland. It has been in continuous use for medical education since 1813, the oldest such structure in the United States. A wide pediment stands in front of a low, domed drum structure, which housed the anatomical theater. A circular chemistry hall was housed on the lower level under the anatomical theater.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Like the dome at Thomas Jeffersons Monticello, the design of Davidge Halls dome was inspired by the architectural principles envisioned by 16th century French architect Philibert de l&#39;Orme (1514-1570). This type of dome, commonly referred to as a Delorme Dome, is characterized by having a skeleton of wood slats over which waterproof material is placed.</p><br>
<p>The supervising architect was Robert Cary Long Sr., a famous local father-son team of architects who also designed many other famous buildings in the city. The front portico facing West Lombard Street (formerly King George Street) is of wood construction with Doric columns. To the west is South Greene Street (named for Revolutionary War Gen. Nathanael Greene, (1742-1786), and aide to Gen. George Washington of the Continental Army)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Davidge Hall was named for the founder and first dean of the College of Medicine of Maryland, Dr. John Beale Davidge. The College of Medicine is the oldest public and fifth oldest medical school in the United States. Dr. Davidge, along with James Cocke and John Shaw, offered medical instruction in a small theater beginning in late 1807. In November of that year, a mob broke into Davidges small domed theater, took the cadaver and dragged it through the streets. In December, the Maryland General Assembly passed a bill establishing a college of medicine. A lot was obtained for construction of a building in 1811. Evidence exists that in addition to Robert Cary Long Jr., early design work may have also been performed by French émigré architect J. Maximilian M. Godefroy, son-in-law of Dr. Crawford (who also did work on the Battle Monument during 1815–1827, in Baltimores former Courthouse Square at North Calvert, between East Lexington and Fayette Streets and the First Independent Church of Baltimore (later First Unitarian Church of Baltimore (Unitarian and Universalist) at West Franklin and North Charles Streets in 1817, both of which still stand. Work began in 1812 and was completed the following year.</p><br>
<p>The use of the name "Davidge Hall" did not appear until about 1959, when a previous UMAB campus building of the same name was demolished.</p><br>
<p>Davidge Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 25, 1977 and made a National Historic Landmark on September 25, 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon House is a historic octagon house at 21 Spring Street in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. It is considered the best octagon house of those that survive in Connecticut. In 1973 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places to avert its demolition in urban renewal.</p><br>
<p>It is west of downtown Danbury in a residential area approximately midway along Spring between Beaver and New streets. The house itself is set back further from the street than its neighbors. It is a three-story building of one-foot–thick (30.5 cm) concrete walls faced in stucco. An octagonal cupola rises from the center of the almost flat roof, with two brick chimneys rising from the exterior walls at the southwest and southeast facets.</p><br>
<p>Verandas with cast iron railings and supports run around the upper stories. The wide roof eaves, both on the main house and the cupola, have scroll brackets. The ornate ironwork of the verandas contrasts with the simple wooden door and window surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1852 by Daniel Starr. He was following closely the precepts of octagon houses laid out by Orson Squire Fowler in his book A Home for All, all the way to the use of concrete as the main structural material. At the time of its construction Spring Street did not exist, so it fronted on Elm Street to the north. It has been well-maintained and preserved throughout its existence, even after its partition into apartments.</p><br>
<p>Mount Clare, also known as Mount Clare Mansion and generally known today as the Mount Clare Museum House, is the oldest Colonial-era structure in the City of Baltimore, Maryland, USA The Georgian style of architecture plantation house exhibits a somewhat altered five-part plan. It was built on a Carroll family plantation beginning in 1763 by barrister Charles Carroll the Barrister, , a descendant of the last Gaelic Lords of Éile in Ireland and a distant relative of the much better-known Charles Carroll of Carrollton, , longest living signer of the Declaration of Independence and the richest man in America in his later years, also the layer of the First Stone of the new Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, just a short distance away in 1828.</p><br>
<p>The City of Baltimore purchased a large portion of the former estate in 1890 as its third large landscaped park. Mount Clare has been maintained by the National Society of Colonial Dames in Maryland, the local chapter of The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America, since 1917. In 1970, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Mount Clare features a portico on the front facade with a projecting bay above. The upper bay contains a Palladian window.</p><br>
<p>The City of Baltimore built Palladian pavilions connected by hyphens on either side in 1910 as a concealed public toilets structure, but these do not reflect historical construction that were originally on the estate. They have since been converted to a library and a colonial-era kitchen exhibit. A circa 1912 stable, once used to house the horses of the city&#39;s park rangers, has been restored and is now used for classroom space as well as a rental facility for events and meetings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first building on the Mount Clare property was built by John Henry Carroll, barrister Charles Carrolls brother, (1723–1783), in 1754, and was probably eventually incorporated into the larger house. Charles inherited the property after Johns death. The property consisted of 800 acres from the much larger Georgia Plantation, which had belonged to their father, Dr. Charles Carroll. Mount Clare overlooked the northwestern shore of Ridgely&#39;s Cove of the Middle Branch and Ferry Branch of the Patapsco River, where some wharves and docks existed along with the Baltimore Iron Works, one of the largest industrial enterprises of colonial America. Charles began construction of the house between 1757 and 1760.</p><br>
<p>This area had originally been near the first selected site by the appointed town commissioners for the new Baltimore Town, laid out in 1729. A different location, further northeast on the Basin, head of the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River, was chosen after the landowner John Moale objected to the project on the theory that he had located important iron ore deposits there that he intended to eventually mine and exploit. One hundred and twenty years earlier, during the first explorations and mapping by the famed Captain John Smith, (1580–1631), of the northern Chesapeake Bay, on his 1608 map he had labeled what is now called the Patapsco River as Bolus River, from the Latin word meaning clay, usually holding iron mineral deposits.</p><br>
<p>Charles Carroll the Barrister, (1723-1783), began building the present -story Georgian style central block, incorporating his brother John&#39;s kitchen and flanking it with a wash house and an orangery. In 1768, Charles added the projecting bay and Palladian window that dominate the entry facade today. The kitchen wing was enlarged and an office wing was added for balance, resulting in a symmetrical nine-part elevation. The house was completed about 1767.</p><br>
<p>After Barrister Charles&#39; death in 1783, his widow made further changes, connecting the outbuildings and adding a greenhouse to the orangery and expanding the laundry, resulting in a complex about 360 feet long. These additions, along with other alterations, were in the more current style of Federal architecture which is similar to but slightly different from the older Georgian.</p><br>
<p>By the 1820s, nearby to the east as the street grid of the city began growing and inching closer towards the southwest with its rows and lines of streets and alleys filled with the dense development of small brick rowhouses of various styles. Under the competitive economic pressure to the City and the Port of Baltimore of the 1825 massive construction project with the opening of the northern Erie Canal, with its quicker and cheaper access from the Great Lakes to New York City and the proposed Chesapeake and Ohio Canal along the Potomac River to the south from Georgetown and Washington, D.C. to the western Appalachian Mountains and Cumberland, Maryland caused a long reaction among leading citizens and leaders of the city. The forming by several businessmen and industrialists, after hearing details of the incredible new transportation technology now being used in Great Britain from several of its leading merchants, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, was formed in 1827 which included Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737–1832), as one of its directors and the important ceremonial position of setting the First Stone for the railroad at the end of the big parade, festivities and ceremonies on Independence Day, July 4, 1828, near the old house.</p><br>
<p>The soon-to-be-famous foundries, shops, forges and other equipment sheds and shacks would be known as the Mount Clare Shops off East Pratt Street near future Arlington Street, where a small Mount Clare Station was erected in the early 1830s as one of its first passenger terminals and joined by its landmark B. & O. Roundhouse in 1884, (future site after 1953 of the Railroad Companys new B. & O. Transportation Museum, later reorganized independently as the B&O Railroad Museum), in addition to the main temporary one at the southeast corner of West Pratt and South Charles Streets, near the Basins waterfront piers. The Mount Clare name was applied to the nearby growing neighborhood in the early 19th century, home to an increasing complex of foundries, shops, mechanics, industries and businesses supplying equipment, workmen, contractors and businesses, all revolving around the business of the railroad. Attracted to the growing industrial capabilities of the area were industrialists, inventors, manufacturers such as Peter Cooper (1791–1883) of New York, who designed the first steam engine locomotives for the railroad when it quickly shifted from the horse-drawn power used during its first four years. Ross Winans (1796–1877) further developed locomotives and other equipment, followed by his son Thomas Dekoven Winans, with his Russian contracts and work. Hundreds of workers with specialized industrial skills, both citizens and recent immigrants, worked in southwest Baltimore and lived in the surrounding streets and communities. Other nearby neighborhoods were Poppleton, Union Square, and East Baltimore, along with the earlier Pigtown, (also known by the gentrified 1980&#39;s as Washington Village).</p><br>
<p>The mansion left the Carroll Familys ownership in 1840, and the houses flanking hyphen wings were demolished. During the American Civil War, when Baltimore was occupied in May 1861 by northern state militia and then regular army forces, Mount Clare was used as a headquarters by Union Army forces who fortified the site and named it Camp Carroll, one of a series of earthen forts surrounding Baltimore, then making it the second most-fortified city in the world at that time, after Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>After the War, and a period of use as a beer garden (called the Schutzengarten) by the German community in Baltimore, the house and adjacent acreage 70 acre facing Washington Boulevard and the Gwynns Falls and Middle Branch of the river were purchased in 1890 by the City of Baltimore as its third large landscaped park.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in January 2012, a collaborative operating agreement between the City of Baltimores Department of Recreation and Parks and the and The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America (Maryland Chapter) (a descendants heritage group. The local Dames had been administering the site since 1917. The B&O Railroad Museum, located a mile northeast of Mount Clare, provides seasonal train rides to and from its Mount Clare Shops museum complex for visitors, and has developed tours and exhibits noting the railroad and Civil War history of the site. The soon-to-be-constructed/restored/renovation of the second small passenger station (Mount Clare Station) to supplement its original, little-known, waterfront first station on West Pratt Street (between South Charles and Light Streets along with an extensive complex of workshops, furnaces, warehouses and foundries to maintain the new growing transportation system a mile to the northeast on the edge of the estate were named the Mount Clare Shops. The Colonial Dames with their experienced staff, volunteers, docents and historians will be telling the story of the mansion itself and its furnishings/decorations with the colonial lifestyle of both the Carroll family (and several subsequent owners in the 19th century), their relatives and visitors, with the slaves/servants employed in the house, gardens, and outlying grounds and plantation outside of old Baltimore Town.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The manor house has been appointed with historically relevant furnishings and is open to the public. Guided tours are preceded by an introductory video and include a walk through the entire house, together encompassing about 45 to 60 minutes.</p><br>
<p>Mount Clare, Bayard & South Monroe Streets, Carroll Park (Baltimore, Independent City, Maryland).jpgMount Clare Mansion, October 1958 HABS Photograph</p><br>
<p>West St. Marys Manor is a historic house on West St. Marys Manor Road in rural St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland. Built in the 1780s according to dendrochronology and with a four-room center-hall plan, and is located on the first recorded English land grant in what is now Maryland. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>West St. Marys Manor is located across the St. Marys River from St. Mary&#39;s City, Maryland, the first capital of the Province of Maryland. It is a -story brick and frame construction. The gable end walls of the 40 by house are brick with double chimneys, while the front and rear walls are clapboard. A brick "chimney pent" is situated between the projecting chimneys at both ends. The front elevation, facing south, is five bays wide, while the north elevation is three bays.</p><br>
<p>The interior comprises four rooms about a center hall running through the house. The main rooms are on the south side, with smaller rooms on the north. All of the first floor rooms have wainscoting and fireplaces. The chimney pents serve as closets for the main rooms. The center hall is divided by an arch, with a stair to the rear.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>West St. Marys Manor originally included 2,000 acre granted to Captain Henry Fleete in 1634, the earliest grant recorded in Maryland. The house was believed to have been built between 1700 and 1730, possibly by the family of Daniel Bell who was one of 15 leaseholders for the larger property. However, tree ring analysis or dendrochronology established a later date in the 1780s. The houses architecture is typical of the transition from smaller earlier colonial houses, typically just two rooms, to larger homes with a center passage.</p><br>
<p>The house has been renovated and expanded with historically sympathetic additions.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Welch House is a three-story rowhouse located at 935 St. Paul Street in Baltimore, Maryland. Probably built in the 1880s, it is notable as the residence of William H. Welch  from 1891 to 1908. Welch was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and an important conduit of European medical research methods and ideas to the United States. He was also the first dean of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the first director of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976,</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William H. Welch House is located on the northeast side of Baltimore&#39;s Mount Vernon neighborhood, on the east side of St. Paul Street just south of its junction with East Eager Street. It is the right side of a pair of mirror-image three-story brick rowhouses, which share a cornice with the corner building immediately on their left. The main entrance is in the leftmost of three bays, framed by an elaborate surround that has paneled pilasters, a half-round transom, and a bracketed cornice. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with slightly corniced lintels. The building has no particular architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>William H. Welch lived in this house from about 1891 to 1908, and at the now-altered 807 St. Paul Street from then until his death. Welch, educated Yale and Columbia in medicine and chemistry, after which he spend four years in Europe (mainly at universities in what is now Germany) absorbing the medical and research practices there. After being offered a position at the new Johns Hopkins University in 1883, he again traveled to Europe, after which he established a research laboratory modeled on those he saw at German universities. He was influential in training a whole generation of medical researches in these practices, effectively propelling medical research in the United States to a level comparable to the state of the art seen in Europe.</p><br>
<p>The Peggy Stewart House, also known as the Rutland-Jenifer-Stone House, is a Georgian-style house in Annapolis, Maryland. Built between 1761 and 1764 by Thomas Rutland as a rental property, it was owned at various times by Thomas Stone and USA Founding Father Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. In October 1774 it was owned by Anthony Stewart, owner of the ship Peggy Stewart. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 for its associations with the burning of Anthony Stewart&#39;s ship, Peggy Stewart, as well as for its architectural significance as a mid- to late 18th century Georgian mansion. Furthermore, the dwelling was recognized as a National Historic Landmark for its associations with Jenifer and Stone, and for the thematic representation of politics and diplomacy  during the American Revolution</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Peggy Stewart House is a -story Georgian style brick house on an elevated basement. The original rectangular house is about 50 ft wide and 30 ft deep, or five bays by three. The side elevations feature single-bay projecting pavilions, crowned with pediments projecting from the hipped main roof. The basement and first floor windows have segmental arches, while the second floor windows have flat arches, all with stone sills. Both the front and rear facades are all-header bond, while the remaining sides are English bond. The present roof form was built in 1894 during a significant remodeling. The large brick wing to the rear was an addition that replaced a wooden structure during the 1894 remodelling, as was the addition of the roof-top balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The interior features a central hall plan. A living room or large parlor occupies the entire space to the left of the hall. A dining room and a parlor are on the right side of the hall. There are six bedrooms upstairs. The interior has been extensively altered, with original woodwork remaining only in one bedroom. The home is located near Gate 3 of the United States Naval Academy and remains a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Peggy Stewart House was built between 1761 and 1764 for Thomas Rutland, who sold the house in January 1772 to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, agent and receiver-general for the last two Lord Proprietors of Maryland. He was president of the Maryland Council of Safety in 1775 and became president of the Maryland Senate when it was formed in 1777. Jenifer served in the Continental Congress from 1778 until 1782 and was a delegate to the Federal Convention in Philadelphia. In July 1772 Jenifer sold the house to Anthony Stewart, an Annapolis merchant who owned the cargo ship Peggy Stewart, which Stewart was forced to burn by Annapolis citizens outraged that he had paid the unpopular tea tax. Stewart fled to Canada in 1774, and his wife, Jean Dick Stewart, sold the house back to Jenifer in 1779. Jenifer sold the house to Thomas Stone in 1783, then re-acquired it in 1787 upon Stone&#39;s death, holding it until his own death in 1790.</p><br>
<p>The Clarence Darrow Octagon House is a historic octagon house in the community of Kinsman, Ohio, United States. Home to lawyer Clarence Darrow in his childhood, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Born in the nearby community of Farmdale, Clarence Darrow was the son of a cabinetmaker. Together with his family, he moved to the octagon house in 1864 at the age of seven and lived in it until the family moved out of state circa 1873. Darrow became a nationally prominent lawyer in his adulthood, and he remembered the octagon house as his home during his most significant childhood years, at a time when his interest in the law was leading him into activities such as running mock trials with his friends. Darrow&#39;s final visit to the house occurred in 1936, two years before his death.</p><br>
<p>Constructed circa 1854, the Darrow House is typical of octagon houses, a short-lived popular passion during the middle of the nineteenth century; its leading proponent, Orson Squire Fowler, advocated their construction as a means of providing superior housing for the poor, and the design allowed for the interior space to be used more efficiently. The Darrow House is primarily a wooden building; the walls are chestnut, with concrete used for chinking. There are seven rooms inside, and much of the original woodworking (for example, the cupboards) survives, as well as the original fireplaces and mantels. The first story of the house is surrounded by a prominent porch, which is absent from only one of the eight sides. Windows are centered in the sides on both stories, and a chimney protrudes from the center.</p><br>
<p>In September 1971, the Clarence Darrow Octagon House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, just one week after the same distinction was awarded to Kinsman&#39;s Congregational-Presbyterian Church and Dr. Peter Allen House. It is one of seven Ohio octagon houses on the National Register; most were built circa 1860, although "the Octagon" in Tiffin dates from 1852. Unlike the other houses, which qualified for the Register because of their architecture, the Darrow House was deemed eligible solely because of its famous resident. A state historical marker was placed in front of the house in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Hall-Crull Octagonal House, also known as the Walter Crull Farm, is an historic octagon house located in Washington Township, Rush County, Indiana. It was built in 1855, and is a two-story, frame dwelling with a rear addition constructed in 1865. It features a recessed two-story porch on the front facade supported by octagonal columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Octagonal Poultry House, also known as the Walter P. Taylor Octagon, is located at 720 USA Route 9 in the Cold Spring section of Lower Township in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The historic octagonal farm building was built around 1900 to house hens, who supposedly like to nest in corners. Eventually it became a children&#39;s playhouse. Today the broom maker works there at Historic Cold Spring Village. Historic Cold Spring Village originally used it as a storage shed, but eventually recognized its potential as a good place to learn about the art of needlework and crocheting.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 2008, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon is a historic octagon house on the campus of Heidelberg University in Tiffin, Ohio, United States. Built in the mid-19th century, it has been used for residential purposes throughout its history, and while it has experienced over a century of gradual deterioration, it has been named a historic site, and the 21st century has seen plans to restore it to its original integrity.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon was constructed in 1852, and other than Founders Hall, it was the first building constructed on Heidelbergs campus. Constructed along with the Presidents House and the Gerhart-Rust Residence, it was, like the others, intended to be used as faculty housing. Its builder and earliest resident was polymath Jeremiah Good, the colleges professor of mathematics and also the man responsible for designing Founders Hall. During and after Goods lifetime, he and his family owned the house; since that time, it has passed through a succession of owners, most of whom have been connected to the college in some way. Little upkeep has been performed on the house for many years, permitting it to fall into disrepair; already by 1910 it had been subdivided into a pair of apartments, and during the 1960s it was rented by the college and used as a student dormitory. The university finally purchased the house in 2007, after a wealthy man from New Bremen gave a large sum of money to the institution. Since that time, students, faculty, and administrators have discussed the proper method of using the Octagon; a class of students studying concepts of space and place conducted a small informal archaeological excavation, finding nothing substantial, while officials have debated restoring the property.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation, the two-story house features a second-story window on each side, while the first story segments are occupied either by a door or a window. A wrap-around porch surrounds several of the sides, but it does not continue to the house&#39;s rear. The house is covered with a hip roof that rises only a small distance from the edges to the center; it is made of tin.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Octagon was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It was one of twelve buildings on the campus added to the Register at the same time, all as part of a multiple property submission known as the "Heidelberg College Multiple Resource Area".</p><br>
<p>District School No. 11 is located on South Jefferson Avenue in Catskill, New York. It was built in 1833, with an addition added around 1855. It was operated continuously as a school until 1948. The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>This school is an exemplary representation of the one-room school house prevalent in rural New York State in the nineteenth century. In its original form, it was one large room, with three windows along each side. The windows all have operational wooden shutters. The school is built of wood, on a stone foundation. The original building is topped by a belfry with a pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>The town of Catskill was split into sixteen districts in the early part of the nineteenth century. In the early days of the school&#39;s history, twenty-five students attended the school.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-nineteenth century, New York State implemented school reforms intended to improve public education. One of these reforms was the physical change of the addition of a vestibule to the one-room schoolhouse, in order to set the learning area apart and reduce drafts. Such a vestibule was added to this building in approximately 1855.</p><br>
<p>The Elmer McCollum House is a historic house at 2301 Monticello Road in Baltimore, Maryland. Built about 1920, it is significant for its association with Johns Hopkins University researcher Elmer McCollum , who lived in the house from 1929 to 1939. During this period, McCollum conducted significant research into nutritional disease. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and significance</h2><br>
<p>The Elmer McCollum House is located in the Forest Park region of northwestern Baltimore, at the northeast corner of Monticello Road with Windsor Hills Road. The house is believed to have been built around 1920, and has no intrinsic architectural value apart from its value as an exemplar of the vernacular of its time. It is a 2½ story structure with a dormered hip roof, a front porch supported by round columns, and entrance surround with sidelight windows. The interior has a side hall plan, and has been divided into three apartments. Elmer McCollum lived here for ten years, 1929–1939, longer than any other address in Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>McCollum, a native of Kansas, graduated from the University of Kansas in 1903, and earned a PhD in chemistry from Yale University in 1906. He began researching nutrition while teaching at the Wisconsin Agricultural Experimental Station, discovering Vitamin A in 1913. He was recruited to teach at Johns Hopkins University in 1917, where his continued research into vitamins led to the discovery of many of the B-complex vitamins, and greatly expanded knowledge of diet-deficiency diseases such as rickets and scurvy. The American Society of Clinical Nutrition established an award in his name in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The David Cummins Octagon House is an historic octagon house located at 301 Liberty Street in Conneaut, Ohio. Built sometime in the 1860s, it is named for David Cummins, who founded the Cummins Canning Company in Conneaut. Because the house had a tunnel running from it to the nearby Conneaut Creek, it has been said that the house was a station on the Underground Railroad, but this has been questioned and it has been suggested that the tunnel belonged instead to a previous house located on the property.</p><br>
<p>On September 9, 1974, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Building built in 1908 was a historic school building located off USA 281 in Carrington, North Dakota. It was designed by Fargo architects Haxby & Gillespie and was built in 1908.</p><br>
<p>On April 30, 1980, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Reportedly, it was scheduled to be torn down in June or July 2008. It was removed from the National Register in February 2011.</p><br>
<p>Chestertown Historic District is a historic district in Chestertown, Maryland. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970, and its area was increased in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The historic residential area is concentrated along Water Street between the business district and the Chester River. Highlights include:</p><br>
<p>Hynson-Ringgold House ("The Abbey"), 100 South Water Street. Built in 1767 by merchant Thomas Ringgold by uniting two adjoining 1735 houses into a three-art house. Interiors were designed by William Buckland between 1767 and 1771. The original Chippendale-Georgian paneling in the drawing room was removed and installed at the Baltimore Museum of Art in the 1920s. The house was restored in the 1930s and is the residence of the president of Washington College.</p><br>
<p>Custom House, 101 South Water Street. A three-story brick house in two parts, stated to have been built by the Ringgold family in the 1746. The first floor was used as a warehouse, with living quarters on the upper levels. The building was used as Chestertown&#39;s custom house. The rear section was added in 1771.</p><br>
<p>Widehall, 101 North Water Street. Individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Widehall was built by Thomas Smythe about 1770. The house&#39;s exterior has been altered from the original Georgian style, while elaborate interiors remain.</p><br>
<p>River House, also known as the Denton House, 107 North Water Street. Built between 1737 and 1743 by William Timbrill, a Barbados merchant. The interiors are Georgian, while the exterior has been modified in Greek Revival style. The paneling of the third floor master bedroom was purchased by the Winterthur Museum in 1926.</p><br>
<p>A number of other structures on Water Street, High Street and Queen Street are included. Denton House and Widehall are also individually listed Registered Historic Places included in the district.</p><br>
<p>J. C. Lore Oyster House, also known as J. C. Lore and Sons, Inc., Seafood Packing Plant, is located at 14430 Solomons Island Road South, in Solomons, Calvert County, Maryland. It is a large two story, rectangular frame industrial building constructed in 1934 as a seafood packing plant. It replaced a 1922 building that was destroyed by the 1933 Chesapeake Potomac hurricane. It is significant for its historical association with the commercial fisheries of Maryland&#39;s Patuxent River region, and architecturally as a substantially unaltered example of an early-20th century seafood packing plant. It has been adapted by the Calvert Marine Museum to house exhibits and many of its original spaces, artifacts, and records have been incorporated into them.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>The J.C. Lore Company was a principal supplier of oysters to the Acme Markets and Kroger companies under the "Patuxent" brand in the midwestern United States. The J.C. Lore Oyster House is one of five nationally important properties associated with the oyster-processing industry. The Rudolph Oyster House in West Sayville, New York, Thomas Oyster House in Mystic, Connecticut, the Oyster Barge in New Haven, Connecticut and the Platt & Co. Cannery in Baltimore, Maryland are noted as complementary examples of oyster-related landmarks.</p><br>
<p>The Lore company was founded by Joseph Cobb Lore (1863–1945), who arrived in Solomons in 1888 from Newport, New Jersey to buy and ship oysters to Philadelphia. Lore established his own oyster packing house in Solomons in 1922, but it was destroyed by the powerful 1933 hurricane, and was rebuilt in 1934. His sons, J.C. Lore, Jr. and G.I. Rupert Lore managed the business together until 1961, when Rupert started his own operation in St. Mary&#39;s County. The Lore Company also packed crabmeat from 1925 to 1945, as well as fish. Other ventures included boat rental, charter fishing, a bait store, a company store and a school boat, which was considered more useful than a school bus in the locale.</p><br>
<p>The Lore Company maintained a fleet of three boats for oyster buying and planting. Two boats, the William B. Tennison and the Sidney B. Riggin, were converted bugeyes, former sailing oyster dredges. The Tennison is now itself a national Historic Landmark and is preserved at the museum. A third vessel, the Pengui, was a Hooper Island draketail workboat.</p><br>
<p>The Lore company ceased business in 1978, a victim of declining harvests and shortages of cheap labor.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The J.C. Lore Oyster House is located on an island in the Patuxent River near the point at which the Patuxent enters Chesapeake Bay. The island is partly artificial, built up from oyster shells produced by the 1918 Woodburn and 1922 Lore oyster houses. The present 1934 structure is a two-story building or somewhat irregular plan, clad in novelty-style wood siding, with a metal roof. The portion of the walls below the roof is concrete to minimize storm damage from flooding. A one-story shed-roofed wing extends to the south, while a 1965 concrete block addition covers two thirds of the rear elevation. Windows are irregularly placed, reflecting the functional requirements of the interior spaces. Interior walls are framed with horizontal planks, with beaded tongue and groove ceilings. Floors are concrete slabs, some of which are sloped for drainage, typically with a high point at the center of the room.</p><br>
<p>The chief interior spaces are arranged for receiving, shucking, processing and packing oysters. A storage area on the upper level is provided for cans and boxes, together with office space. The property is arranged with a bulkhead to the rear of the building where buy-boats and independent oystermen could tie up and unload. Between 1945 and 1965 it was possible to hoist oysters directly out of a boat and into the receiving area through an overhang over the water. Oysters were moved from the receiving room in wheelbarrows, while shells of shucked oysters were moved outside on a conveyor belt. The two shucking rooms are long and narrow, with concrete shucking tables around the perimeter, and could accommodate fifty shuckers. The shuckers stood a three-sided shucking stands, taking whole oysters from the tables, opening them on the stand, and letting the shells fall away to the outside, the stands protecting the shuckers from the sharp-edged shells even when the piles of shells were several feet deep. The shuckers stood on an adjustable platform that kept their feet off the cold, wet floor.</p><br>
<p>Buckets of shucked oysters were passed through a window into the processing room, where they were rinsed, weighed and tallied. Shuckers were paid by the weight or volume of oyster meat produced. Oyster meats were rinsed on a perforated "skimmer table" to remove grit, shell and worms. A "blow tank" was used to rinse the oyster meats using aerated water. Oysters were drained on a second skimmer table. The meats were sorted by size and packed in metal cans, which were then steam-sterilized. The J.C. Lore processing room retains its complement of this equipment.</p><br>
<p>The building remains as it was in 1965 when some system renovation took place and a fire-suppression sprinkler system was installed. The museum has built a theater in one of the cold storage rooms for interpretation, and the southern shucking room is used as a classroom. The company store that stood nearby was demolished in 1995, prior to the museum&#39;s acquisition of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Linwood Historic District is an industrial historic district in the Linwood village of Northbridge, Massachusetts. It is the site of the Linwood Cotton Mill and is roughly bounded by Linwood Avenue, Maple Court, and Pine Court. On June 16, 1989, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Linwood Mill was built in 1866 by members of the Whitin family, who had purchased land in the area in the late 1840s. The Whitins had a history in the textile industry dating as far back as 1809, and are for whom the Northbridge village of Whitinsville is named. At the time of Linwood&#39;s development they owned virtually all of the textile industry in Northbridge. The Linwood property was built to process cotton, and produced cambrics, sateens, and shirting fabric. The original mill was a -story brick structure, which was expanded c. 1870 with the addition of a steam power plant in order to increase production. From the 1870s, the only other surviving building is a brick storehouse.</p><br>
<p>The mill complex, in addition to industrial facilities, also included worker housing. The district includes the fine Second Empire proprietor&#39;s residence, carriage house, and greenhouse, as well as a selection of tenement houses, dormitories, and duplexes built by the Whitins to house the factory workers. The mill complex is the best preserved of those built by the Whitins; the others have either been altered significantly, or been damaged or destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>Old Town Hall is a historic town hall in Athol, Massachusetts. Built in 1828 as a church, it served as town hall from 1847 to 1957, and now houses the local historical society. It is architecturally a good example of Federal period civic/religious architecture of the period. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Town Hall is located southwest of Athol&#39;s commercial downtown, at the northwest corner of Main Street and Liberty Street. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. The front facade is five bays wide, with the center three projecting with a lower-profile pedimented gable that has an oval window at its center. The building corners are pilastered. A three-stage tower rises to a cupola and weathervane. The interior houses the meeting space on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The hall was built as the towns fourth meeting house in 1828, after the third, which had stood nearby, was destroyed by fire. It was built for a Unitarian splinter of the towns original congregation, and remained in that use until it was turned over to the town in 1847. The building originally had a two-story meeting space, with a gallery on three sides (a typical period meeting house); the gallery was converted into a full second story by the town. It was used exclusively for town functions until 1921. A Women&#39;s Club occupied part of the building between 1921 and 1957, which continued to be used occasionally for meetings and as a polling place. The town gave the building to the Athol Historical Society in 1957, which uses it as a museum and storage facility. It remains an important tourist attraction for Athol and is included in their historical trail. The building features a display of local historic artifacts and is open to the public on Sunday afternoons in June and July.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Stone House, also known as Potter Acres, is an historic First Period house at 35 Stone Street in Auburn, Massachusetts. The oldest portion of this -story timber-frame house, its north side, three bays and chimney, was built in 1729. The southern two bays were added in 1790, and a rear leanto may have been added at the same time. In 1886 the rear ell underwent significant alteration, and was again enlarged in 1946. The main body of the house has retained its original woodwork and interior decoration. Its most notable owner was Joseph Stone, a composer of music for sacred texts, who lived here between 1785 and 1826. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Tuttle Square School, now the Auburn Historical Museum, is a historic school building at 41 South Street in Auburn, Massachusetts. The single story two-room wood-frame building was constructed in 1922 to replace a smaller school on the site, in the face of increasing school population. The building&#39;s most prominent decorative feature is its Federal-style entry door surround, with pilasters supporting scrolled brackets, topped by a fanlight. The school served the Auburn public schools from 1923 to 1933. During the Second World War it was outfitted as a hospital in case of emergency, and briefly returned to use as a school between 1948 and 1953. Thereafter its primary purpose was to house school administrative office, and was finally vacated by the school administration in 1981. It then served as home to the Auburn District Nursing Association until about 1990. In 1999 the town voted to lease the building to the Auburn Historical Society for use as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Ayer Main Street Historic District encompasses most of the historic central business district of Ayer, Massachusetts. It extends along Main Street between Park and Columbia Streets, and was mostly developed between 1872 and 1898 as a hub of railroad and roadway-based economic activity. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Ayer, although not incorporated until 1871, became an important railroad hub in the 1840s, with the completion of both north–south and east–west railroad routes that crossed just southwest of the present downtown area. During the American Civil War, a military camp was established to the south (later to become Fort Devens). The downtown area began to develop most significantly after incorporation in 1871 and a fire in 1872 that destroyed many earlier structures. The north side of Main Street, opposite the rail yards of the junction, is where this new commercial development was focused.</p><br>
<p>The historic district covers four blocks of buildings on both sides of Main Street, extending from Pleasant Street in the west to Columbia Street in the east, including also the former railroad depot building that stands just south of Main Street parallel to the east–west tracks. Most of the buildings are built of brick and stone, although there are three wood-frame structures. The district&#39;s oldest building is one of these: built in 1868, it was originally located south of the tracks, and was moved to its present location opposite Pleasant Street in 1878. Ayer Town Hall stands near the eastern end of the district; it is a fine example of high-style Victorian Gothic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Barre Common District is a historic district encompassing the town common of Barre, Massachusetts, and immediately adjacent historic buildings. It is bounded roughly by South, Exchange, Main, Pleasant, Broad, School and Grove Streets. The Barre common was laid out in 1792, and has been a focus of the town&#39;s civic life ever since, and is flanked by a number of high-quality Greek Revival buildings, as well as those in other styles. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Barre Common is a 15 acre greensward at the center of the village of Barre. It is roughly in the shape of a bent triangle, with the point at the south formed by the bordering Common and South Streets. It is divided into four parcels separated by roads, with the northernmost one skewed to the west. Facing the northernmost block, across Park Street, is the Barre Congregational Church, a fine example of Greek Revival architecture built in 1849. Other prominent examples of Greek Revival design facing the common include the Lawrence-Holman-Graziani House, built in 1836 and attributed to Elias Carter, which features a six-column temple portico. The Barre Historical Society Building, was also built in 1836 and has a temple front. The only major building that is not of wood-frame construction is the Barre Savings Bank building, a Romanesque brick structure built in 1894.</p><br>
<p>The common has played a prominent role in the towns history since its founding. It is the site of memorials to the towns military, and it has long been the site of a bandstand were concerts are given in the summer (the present bandstand is the third).</p><br>
<p>The No. 4 Schoolhouse is an historic school building on Farrington Road near Sunrise Avenue in Barre, Massachusetts. The one-room wood-frame schoolhouse was built in 1883, and was at least the second schoolhouse in the town&#39;s fourth district. The building served as a schoolhouse until 1930, when the town centralized its schools. In 1937 the building was purchased by a local community organization dedicated to its preservation. It has served as a community center since then.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Pan Burying Ground  is an historic cemetery on 477 Main Street in Bolton, Massachusetts. Established in 1822, the cemetery was the second in the town. It was named for the area known locally as "The Pan", which had by then become the second-largest village center in the town. The original 1.18 acre plot has 400 marked graves, and is presumed to contain further unmarked graves, based on a pattern of marker layout at the rear of this portion of the cemetery. The cemetery was enlarged to 3.3 acre in the 1960s. It is distinctive in Bolton for its seven-chambered group tomb, built in 1839 at the southeast corner of the property.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Sturbridge Common Historic District encompasses the historic center of Sturbridge, Massachusetts. Encompassing some 138 acre, the district is focused around the town common, which was laid out when the town established in 1738. The district is roughly linear, extending along Main Street from its junction with Interstate 84 eastward to Hall Road. The district also extends for short distances along Haynes, Maple, and Charlton Streets. Although most of the properties in the district are residential, the institutional properties, including the 1838 Greek Revival Town Hall, the 1896 Joshua Hyde Library building, and the 1922 Federated Church. The oldest building in the district is the c. 1772 Publick House, a tavern which has dominated the south side of the district since its construction.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Winthrop Street Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at 39 Winthrop Street in Taunton, Massachusetts, USA. The Late Gothic Revival church was built in 1862 and was the second Baptist church built on the site. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Winthrop Street Baptist Church is set on the west side of Winthrop Street (United States Route 44), across the Mill River from the heart of downtown Taunton. It is a single-story structure, built out of brick with brownstone trim. It has a gable, roof, and a square tower projects from the front (east-facing) facade. The main entrance is at the base of the tower, set in a Gothic-arched opening with brownstone drip molding. This molding detail and Gothic styling is repeated on most of the churchs windows. The tower has buttresses at the corners, and the sides of the building are similarly buttressed. Above the main entrance is a large Gothic-arched stained glass window in the towers tall second stage, above which stands the belfry, with louvered round-arch openings. The tower is topped by a pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1862, and is one of the city&#39;s finest examples of mid-19th century ecclesiastical architecture. Its integrity has been compromised, however, since the demolition in 1994 of its original steeple, and the local historical commission believes it is therefore no longer eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
